Relation between vaoltage, current, resistance and power

Inductors in parallel

Inductors in series

Capacitors in parallel

Capacitors in series

Resistors in parallel

Resistors are in series

Energy gap or band gap.

Energy gap or band gap.

-The difference in energy between the valence band and the conduction band is called an energy gap or band gap

-It is also called as forbidden gap

-  In semiconductors the band gap is smaller,

e.g

 1) Energy gap of silicon (Si) is 1.14 eV

2) Energy gap of Germanium is 0.67 eV

- For Insulators Energy gap is large 

- For conductor , no energy gap i.e overlapping valence and conduction band 

Summary of semiconductor, Conductor and Insulator

Summary of Insulator, Conductor and Semiconductor

Core - consists of all the inner shells and the nucleus.

Insulator -does not conduct electrical current under normal conditions.

                 -Very high resistivity

                - Very low conductivity

                - Bad conductors of elctricity.

        e.g. - rubber, glass, mica, quartz and plastics.

Conductor - conduct electrical current.

                     -Good conductors of electricity

                    - High conductivity

                    - Low resistivity

              e.g- copper, silver, gold, aluminium

Semiconductor –   Ability to conduct current between insulator and conductor

   -       neither a good conductor nor a good insulator

  -       Antimony, arsenic, astatine, boron, polonium, tellurium, silicon and germanium.

Basics concepts of electronics

• atom-smallest particle of an element
• nucleus- consist protons & neutrons 
• proton- positively charge particles
• neutrons- uncharged particles
• electrons - negatively charged particles
• simplest atom hydrogen - one proton & one electron
• atomic number- number of protons in the nucleus
• shells- orbits are grouped into energy levels 
• The Maximum Number of Electrons in Each Shell -Ne= 2n٨2
• valence shell- outermost shell
• valence electrons- electrons in the outermost shell
• mass-Protons and neutrons are approximately the same mass.
• mass of electron-1/1836 of a proton
• quarks - smaller particle within the protons and neutrons

Electronics MCQ

Q. Each atom in a silicon crystal has
a. four valence electrons
b. four conduction electrons
c. no valence electrons because all are shared with other atoms
d. eight valence electrons, four of its own and four shared

Q. Recombination is when
a. an electron falls into a hole
b. a positive and a negative ion bond together
c. a valence electron becomes a conduction electron
d. a crystal is formed

Q) Electron-hole pair are produced by
a. recombination
b. thermal energy
c. ionization 
d. doping

Q) The amount of AC content in the output of rectifier is called 
A) form factor
B) ripple factor
C) peak factor
D) Knee factor

Q) Due to forward bias voltage , width of depletion region
A) Enhances
B) Narrows
C) Remain same
D) None of the above

Q.) Barrier potential for silicon diode is
A) 0.3V
B) 0.4V
C) 0.1V
D) 0.7V

Q.) total current drawn from four 1.5V cells connected in series is 1 ampere. Each cell supplies 
1.) 1 A
2.) 0.25 A
3.) 1.5 A
4) 4 A

Q.) In an electronic circuit, common reference point is 
1.) always the negative battery terminal
2.) always the most positive point
3.) always the most negative point
4.) may be any point

Q.) The superposition theorem is based on 
1.) linearity
2.) Duality
3.) Reciprocity
4) Non-linearity

Electronics mcq series

The unit of resistance is
A) Henry
B) Ohms
C) Farad
4) Hertz

Ans- B

Characteristic of IC 741 and ideal opamp

This video containing the information about the detail characteristics of IC 741 and value of ideal operational amplifier


https://youtu.be/Uf9ThYeFULg

Operational Amplifier and it's symbol

This video containing the information related to introduction to operational amplifier and it's symbol.

 https://youtu.be/wP3yet1htmw

Pune University Question Bank

Important questions of basic electronics as per the Pune University(SPPU) syllabus
.


https://youtu.be/oEdKPBJrggA

solved numericals of basic electronics

Solved numerical of basic electronics on topic :Amplitude modulation



follow the link:

https://youtu.be/8fws3QWWBBI

solved example of amplitude modulation

 solved example of amplitude modulation


follow the link
https://youtu.be/t4oxHxq9Z6g

Solved numerical of basic electronics  and electronic communication
Topic name: Amplitude modulation

click on following link:

https://youtu.be/DYKUARQ0e7I

List of Electronics and Communication Industries

1.  Arise India
   
2. Aar em electronics
   
3. Aircel Cellular Ltd
   
4. Avaya Global
   
5. Astra Microwave Product Ltd
   
6. AMCO BATTERIES LIMITED
7. ABHA ELECTROMECH PRIVATE LIMITED
8. ABLE ELECTRONIC SERVICES
9. Amara Raja Batteries Ltd
10. BONFIGLIOLI TRANSMISSIONS PVT. LTD.
11. BARCO ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS PVT LTD
12. Bharat Electronics Limited
13. Bartronics India Ltd
14. Birla Ericsson Optical Ltd
15. BSNL
16. BHEL
17. BPL Group
18. Bharti Teletech
19. Bharti Airtel Ltd
20. CMC Ltd
21. Cybele Industries Ltd
22. Cable Corporation of India Ltd
23. Cranes Software International Ltd
24. Celkon
25. Central Electronics Limited
26. Cosmic Circuits
27. centum electronics
28. COLOGICX SYSTEMS LTD
29. CoreEL TECHNOLOGIES (I) PVT. LTD.
30. CADENCE DESIGN SYSTEMS INDIA PVT LTD.
31. DIGITAL-X
32. Dell India Private Ltd
33. Delton Cables Ltd
34. Delta Energy Systems (India) Pvt Ltd
35. Datamatics Global Services
36. DRDO
37. EBM-PAPST INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
38. Electronics Corporation of India Limited
    
39. Ericsson
    
40. Educomp Solutions Ltd
    
41. Exide Industries Ltd
    
42. EMC India
    
43. Eveready
    
44. Finlex Cables Ltd
    
45. EPCOS
    
46. GR Cables Ltd
    
47. Gemini Communications
    
48. User:Gejo Royce/sandbox
    
49. HAL
    
50. HFCL Infotel Ltd
    
51. Hindustan Cables Ltd
    
52. ISRO
    
53. ITI Ltd
    
54. Industries India Ltd
    
55. IBall (company)
    
56. Intex Technologies
    
57. Ittiam Systems
    
58. JABIL CIRCUITS
    
59. Kenstar
    
60. Kavveri Telecom Product Ltd
    
61. Krone Communications
    
62. LYF
    
63. Micromax Informatics
    
64. Mphone
    
65. moser baer India ltd
    
66. Motorola
    
67. Midas communication technologies
    
68. NTPC
    
69. Nokia Ltd
    
70. Nelco
    
71. Nu Tek
    
72. Nortel
    
73. Onida Electronics
    
74. Orient Electric
    
75. Optel Telecommunication
    
76. O.E.N INDIA
    
77. ONGC
    
78. Pioneer India
    
79. Qualcomm India
    
80. Ringing Bells Private Limited
    
81. RPG Cables Ltd
    
82. Rishabh instruments.
    
83. Reliance electronics
    
84. Samtel Group
    
85. Simmtronics
    
86. Sonodyne
    
87. Sterlite Technologies
    
88. Shivanand Electronics
    
89. Seimens
    
90. Su-Kam Power Systems
    
91. Shyam Telecom
    
92. SAIL
    
93. GAIL
    
94. TVS Electronics
    
95. TAS powertech
    
96. Videocon
    
97. Xerox India
    
98. Xolo (company)
    
99. XL Telecom & Energy Lilmited
    
100. Zync Global
     

Basics of Circuit Theory

What is Elecrical Network?

Any arrangment of the various electrical energy sources (voltage sources, current sources, batteries) with the dfferent circuit elements (resistors, inductors, capacitors,swicthes).

Network Element

Resister,Inductor, Capacitor and Energy sources such as voltage and current sources , having two ends for further connection known as ckt elements.

Node

If two or more circuit elements are joint at any point , the connection point is known as node.

Junction

If three or more circuit elements are joint at any point,the connection point is known junction.

Cuircuit & Network

Any combination of various circuit elements to perform any useful function is known as network .

Mesh & Loop

Any closed path formed by various circuit elements in a given circuit is known as a loop.

Active  Network

The circuit elements which produce electrical energy but not consume any energy known as active element and Network in which both type of cicuit elements are known as active network.

e.g. voltage source and current source.

Passive Network

The circuit elements which consume electrical energy but not produce any energy known as passive element and Network in which both type of cicuit elements are known as passive network.

e.g. R,L,C 

Linear Network

Circuit elements having voltage and current relationship are given by constant coefficient equation known as linear element and Network in which these cicuit elements are connected known as linear network

Non-Linear Network

Circuit elements having voltage and current relationship are not given by constant coefficient equation known as non-linear element and Network in which these cicuit elements are connected known as non-linear network.

Lumped Network

The network where the circuit elements are physically separable is known as lumped network

e.g. Any practical network

Distributed Network

The network where the circuit elements are not physically separable is known as Distributed network.

e.g. Transmission line, telephone line etc.

Unilateral Network 

An element whose operational behaviour is dependent on the direction of flow of current through is known as unilateral elements. Elements like semiconductor diode, which allow the current to pass through them only in one direction. and network in which these elements are connected known as Unilateral Network

Bilateral Network

An element whose behaviour is same irrespective of the direction of flow of current through it is known as bilateral element. Passive elements that allow the current to pass through them in both directions are known as bilateral elements and the network in which these elements are connected known as Bilateral Network